What is Hypermobility Spectrum Disorder (HSD) — And Why It Matters

What is a HSD?

Hypermobility Spectrum Disorders (HSDs) refer to a range of conditions in which joints move beyond the typical range of motion. While flexibility can be an advantage in dance, gymnastics, or martial arts, in many cases it comes with a host of chronic symptoms — especially for those assigned female at birth.

Why is this important?

Estimates suggest that over 5% of the population may live with symptomatic HSD, yet only a small fraction receive a proper diagnosis. Many patients are misdiagnosed or dismissed, often hearing, “it’s all in your head,” while their quality of life continues to suffer.

Common symptoms include:

• Chronic joint pain

• Fatigue and “brain fog”

• Gastrointestinal issues

• Anxiety and depression

• Poor coordination or frequent falls

This range of symptoms means that many people with HSD bounce from specialist to specialist, without answers.

How HSD Differs from EDS

HSD is often confused with hypermobile Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome (hEDS). While both fall under the umbrella of connective tissue disorders, HSD is typically diagnosed when the criteria for hEDS aren’t fully met. However, treatment approaches often do not differ much between the two.

How It Affects Daily Life

From difficulty sitting or standing too long, to frequent injuries from simple tasks, HSD can disrupt daily function. It also often coexists with conditions like POTS (Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome) and Mast Cell Activation Syndrome (MCAS) — creating a complex web of symptoms that require individualized care.

Why Early Recognition Matters

Early intervention helps patients better manage their condition, avoid injury, and improve long-term outcomes. Tools like the “Just GAPE” mnemonic (created by the EDS GP Toolkit) can help screen for potential HSD cases:

• Joints and soft tissue concerns

• Gut symptoms

• Allergies/autoimmune features

• Postural symptoms (like dizziness)

• Exhaustion

You’re Not Alone — And You Deserve Answers

At our practice, we emphasize person-focused care over rigid labels. If you’ve been told you’re “too sensitive” or if your symptoms don’t add up, it’s worth exploring whether HSD could be the missing link.